Sveriges historia
Bronsåldern
1700 f.Kr. – 500 f.Kr.
A new culture reached the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, called the höggravskulturen. In addition to the impressive burial mounds, it brought new horse-drawn carriages and chariots.
International trade arises and new cultural ideas flow.
Many tribes with chieftains who were able to reach a new level of power with the trade and weapons.
Low melting point of bronze made it easy to cast weapons, tools and jewelry.
Förromersk järnålder
500 f.Kr. – Kr.f.
A new social structure took shape with urnegravarna replacing the storhögarna.
The climate became colder (similar to now) which made it hard for the population to support themselves and there was frequent emigration. Researchers call this period Fimbulvintern.
First preserved stories of Sweden from Europe making it much easier to understand than previous ages.
Romersk järnålder
Kr.f. – 375 e.Kr.
The expansion of the Roman Empire and spread of the Germans caused contact and trade to increase significantly during the first centuries after Christ.
The Roman historian Tacitus mentions the tribe of the “Suiones” (Swedes) for the first time in his work Germania. He writes about their ships and that they had no right to bear arms during peacetime.
Better tools for farming came to Sweden.
The 24 character Elder Futhark (runic alphabet) was developed from the alphabet in the Easter Mediterranean.
Folkvandringstiden
375 e.Kr. – 550 e.Kr
Begins with the invasion of the Huns into Easter and Central Europe. Rich gold finds including guldhalskragarna in Götaland indicate that at least some people fleeing the Huns came to Scandinavia.
According to Snorre Sturlesson the last of the Ynglingaätten - Ingjald Illråde was king of Sweden in the 600’s. He was followed by Ivar Vidfamne, Harald Hildetand and Sigurd Ring.
This was the time when the character Beowulf would have lived.
At the beginning of the 500’s the bronsåldern tradtion resumes with powerful högar (such as Uppsala Högar). Also is Ottarshögen where Ottar Vendelkråka is said to be buried.
Vendeltiden
550 e.Kr. – 793 e.Kr.
Named for ship-burials in Vendel, north of Gamla Uppsala. Also important are Välsgärde and the gravfält at Ultuna by Fyrisån, a half mile south of Uppsala.
Ships become more important: ship-burials in Välsgärde: also Sutton Hoo. Högar smaller but placed next to the older and larger ones.
16 character runic alphabet replaces earlier 24 throughout Scandinavia indicating powerful kings with contact.
Vikingatiden
793 e.Kr. – 1042 e.Kr.
Only written sources from this time in Sweden are from runic inscriptions, but foreign sources exist and after Christianity at the end of the period a few domestic sources. Archaeological findings are numerous.
People lived in small family communities - number of smaller settlements together formed a Landskap legislated by a ting and local störmannen.
King’s power was still quite weak - job of defending the country and carry out conquest. He was also in charge of the care of the Temple at Uppsala.
Divisions such as härader in Götalandskapet and hundaren in Svealandskapet were organized.
Äldre medeltiden
1050–1250
Period begins with the election of Emund den gamle and ends with the death of the last of the Erikska ätten, Erik den läspe och halte. After this came Folkungaätten with Birger Jarl.
Domestic sources other than runes with the begining of latin scriptures of the church.
Government organization grew at the end of the period when the church introduced ideas from the Roman Empire.
Most important border was that with Denmark set out in the Äldre Västgötalagen.
Folkungatiden
1250–1389
With the death of Erik den läspe och halte, his sister’s son, Valdemar Birgersson came to the throne at the age of 10 but the real power lay with his father Birger Jarl. He came from a powerful family previously called Folkungarna, nowadays often called Bjälboätten.
Birger Jarl and Magnus Ladulås both believed administration of the law was the king’s main purpose.
A system of basic taxes was set up instead of the more local taxes o folder days. This angered the nobility resulting in uprisings against the throne.
Kalmarunionens tid
1389–1520
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Äldre vasatiden
1521–1611
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Stormaktstiden
1611–1721
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Frihetstiden
1719–1772
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Gustavianska tiden
1772–1809
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